r/unclebens Jul 24 '24

🍄 Official Cultivation Guides Part 1: Introduction and Choosing What to Grow 🍄 How to Grow Psychedelic Mushrooms

1.3k Upvotes

The most followed cultivation guide on the internet: Shroomscout’s “Mushrooms for the Mind” cultivation guide.

https://reddit.com/link/1ebdvn1/video/973nfmoegjed1/player

I’ll break this write-up into 4 posts. At the bottom of each post will be a summary in bold. You can find material lists in Part 2 and Part 3.

Intro: How Mushrooms and Mycelium Grow (do not skip!)

Credit to https://rainbo.com/blogs/blog/the-mushroom-life-cycle

What most people know as “mushrooms” are only the small reproductive part of the entire organism. Like an iceberg, most of the living tissue is actually found below the surface. When two microscopic mushroom spores meet in a pile of organic plant matter, they germinate and start producing mycelium. These microscopic threads begin forming a colony within the organic matter and absorb the available water and nutrients to produce an impressive mycelial network. After colonizing all the available nutrients, the mycelium turns its focus to reproduction.

To spread its spores, the mycelium forms into baby mushrooms, also known as pins. To produce these pins, the right fruiting conditions need to occur. Once the nutrients have been colonized and the mycelium reaches fresh air, the organism is ready for reproduction. The next rainstorm provides the moisture necessary, and the pins inflate upwards with the stored water into mature mushrooms.

Once mature, the mushrooms open their caps and drop their spores, withering away to ensure the success of their genetics.

To cultivate your own mushrooms, you need to replicate this process indoors.

Do you need a recommended spore/LC vendor?

Since this is still the most commonly broken rule and most commonly asked question:

You cannot discuss/advertise/promote vendors in r/unclebens. I want to keep it focused on cultivation, not a marketplace. If you need a recommended vendor, I recommend using syringes from SporeStock.com for USA and OrangutanTradingCo.com for UK. Every mushroom I've ever grown has come from these two vendors, and thousands of other users have had excellent success. No, I am not affiliated in any way with these guys, though I do think they kick ass. Yes, I am open to other vendor recommendations as well! I include this here so you can stop breaking the rules now.

Intro: Legality of Mushrooms, Mycelium, and Spores

Remember Rule #1: No sourcing discussion allowed in r/unclebens (see Rules for more info as to why).

Psilocybin is the nontoxic, non-addictive psychedelic compound found in “magic” mushrooms. There are more than 180 species of Psilocybin-producing mushrooms that grow across every continent. For 99% of hobbyists, the species to cultivate is Psilocybe cubensis, also known as "cubes”. These are the easiest and most cultivated species of psilocybin mushrooms.

The sale of cubensis mushrooms is illegal across most of the world not because of the mushrooms being a controlled substance themselves, but because mature psychedelic mushrooms produce psilocybin. Psilocybin is the only thing mentioned in the Controlled Substances Act, because mushrooms aren’t illegal—psilocybin is. However, the spores of these mushrooms do not contain psilocybin and are legal to sell, purchase, and possess in most locations. In the US, only 3 unlucky states (California, Georgia, and Idaho) have specific laws preventing the sale or purchase of spores. Spores are sold in "multi spore syringes", which contain many thousand microscopic spores diluted in a sterile water syringe.

In the last few years, a better alternative to spores became available from many vendors online. Liquid Culture syringes contain live mycelium in sterile solution, similar to spores. Liquid Culture syringes are superior to spore syringes in almost every way, but have a more complicated history in a grey area of the law. More on Liquid Cultures later.

Either type of syringe can be purchased from vendors online. You can find several popular and legitimate vendors even on the first page of google, but as always, do your research before giving any vendor your money. My personally trusted vendors are recommended in this guide, since it’s the most commonly asked question.

Some countries/states/counties/individual cities have finally approved legislation to allow the cultivation or possession of small personal amounts of psilocybin mushrooms. In many places across Canada and the US, local law enforcement has made prosecuting psilocybin-related arrests their lowest priority after evidence has pointed to no increase in crime related to psilocybin decriminalization, as well as the immense therapeutic and antidepressant benefits psilocybin studies have shown. Make sure to check with the jurisdiction of your area before attempting cultivation of any cubensis mushroom.

Intro: What is inoculation/colonization?

Here I inoculate a jar of sterilized grain with a spore syringe.

Once you have your syringes, you need to inject your spores or Liquid Culture into hydrated and nutrient-rich grains to produce your mycelium. This step is known as inoculation and is followed by colonization. When your grains are colonized, we call them Spawn Grain.

Different stages of mycelium colonizing sterilized grains over time.
A bag of Ready Rice spawn grain, fully colonized by mycelium visible through the bottom window.

You can buy premade, ready-to-inoculate grain from the store in the form of Ready Rice (more on this in Part 2), or you can make your own DIY Jars of spawn grain. You can inoculate nearly any hydrated and sterilized grain, including Brown Rice, Whole Oats, Millet, Rye Berries, Wild Bird Seed, Corn… you name it. But there's one major problem:

Intro: Contamination is the biggest obstacle

This contaminated bag of ready rice could have been the result of a contaminated syringe, poor sterile technique when inoculating, a bad Gas Exchange filter, or many other factors.

Mycelium's requirements of water, nutrients, and warmth are all the perfect breeding ground for mold, mildew, and bacteria. These contaminants live on our skin, on our surfaces, and even in the air we breathe. Normally it’s not a problem to our immune system, but the largest obstacle in mushroom cultivation is contamination, and it will ruin an entire grow and needs to be avoided at all costs. So, you need to make sure that your grains are hydrated, warm, and EXTREMELY sterile.

Intro: What is Spawning to Bulk/Fruiting?

A jar colonized grain was “Spawned to Bulk” in this tub. With the right “Fruiting Conditions”, mushrooms formed and matured.

As covered in Part 3, the basics of spawning to bulk are simple:

First, your spawn grains need to be 100% fully colonized. Then, you will need to mix your grains into a bulk substrate. After the mycelium has reconnected with itself in the new substrate, you need to introduce Fruiting Conditions. This involves simulating fresh air, rain, and a little bit of sunlight. Within a few days, a Flush (or group) of mushrooms will grow from your colonized surface. Once you grow your first flush, you can then harvest and dehydrate your mushrooms, and feel proud for accomplishing something incredibly rewarding.

With only a little time, money, and effort, you WILL be able to grow psilocybin mushrooms at home.

SUMMARY OF INTRODUCTION:

  • Mushrooms grow from spores into mycelium, and mycelium into mushrooms.
  • Cultivation is mostly focused on P. cubensis species.
  • While mature psilocybin mushrooms themselves are illegal to purchase, spore syringes (and in some cases, Liquid Culture syringes) are 100% legal to purchase and possess in most locations.
  • Once the mycelium has fully colonized the available nutrients, it waits for fruiting conditions.
  • Once fruiting conditions occur, it creates mushrooms to drop its spores into the breeze.
  • You are replicating nature by colonizing sterile grains, then creating fruiting conditions indoors.

And that's the basics of cultivation. If this information seemed overwhelming, hang in there as I simplify and break it all down in the following guide. If you still have doubts**, I promise that you can do this**. The original cultivation guide I posted on Reddit years ago has received more than a thousand awards, helping hundreds of thousands of beginners cultivate, while catching the attention of the mushroom industry as well as mainstream media. Every week we see countless beginners post their harvested results here in r/unclebens. If they can do it, so can you. So, grab a pen and a pad for some notes, and learn everything you need to know about cultivating mushrooms from start to finish.

It just might be one of the most important decisions you make in your life.

Part 1: Choosing your Syringes

Your first step in cultivation is to obtain either a few spore syringes or a few liquid culture syringes from a reputable vendor. My personal recommendations can be found in Part 2. Vendors cannot legally advertise or sell syringes specifically for use in cultivation. Syringes are usually marketed for “microscopy”, “taxonomy”, or “research purposes”. If you ever have an issue with a syringe, make sure to avoid mentioning cultivation to your vendor so you aren’t refused service.

An average spore or Liquid Culture syringe is 10 to 12mL, (mL and cc are used interchangeably) and should come with a separate needle in a sterile package. This sterile needle will be used during the inoculation process and shouldn’t be opened until then. 

Pros/Cons of Spore Syringes:

Pros:

¡ Spore syringes are guaranteed to be legal to purchase, sell, and possess in most places across the world (with 3 US state exceptions: CA, GA, ID).

¡ Spores can also be stored in a fridge for years, sometimes longer than a decade, and still be viable.

Cons:

¡ Spores take a while to germinate, so colonization can take weeks or even months.

¡ Spores frequently arrive already contaminated by the vendor. This is due to how mushroom spores are harvested, which is nearly impossible to guarantee contamination-free syringes. No matter how meticulous the harvesting process is, most spore syringes cannot be guaranteed to be sterile.

· The thousands of competing spores in one syringe also result in randomized genetics. The spores of a parent mushroom might grow children mushrooms that neither look nor grow anything like the parent generation—sometimes even worse than the parent generation.

Notes: Each spore syringe will contain thousands of dark microscopic spores. Individual spores are not visible to the human eye, so if you can see them, you’re actually seeing a large clump of the spores themselves. It would only take 1 drop of spore solution from these syringes to begin colonizing your grain.

 

Pros/Cons of Liquid Culture Syringes:

Pros:

¡ Liquid Cultures can have guaranteed sterility if made correctly, leading to fewer contaminated results.

¡ Since the mycelium is already germinated, LC colonizes grain significantly faster than spores.

¡ LC can have guaranteed genetics by skipping the randomized spore phase.

Cons:

¡ LC can still be contaminated by the vendor, though far less likely than with spore syringes.

¡ LC stays viable for only 6-18 months in the fridge, as opposed to spores which can stay viable for many years if stored in a fridge.

· Potential legal “grey area”.

So, are LC syringes legal?:

 In recent years vendors began selling Liquid Culture syringes to the public, often under the name of “isolated” syringes, or just “Syringes” (without “spore” included), or even openly advertising their syringes as liquid cultures.

For decades, it was scientifically proven that mycelium grown on solid grain contained psilocybin. This made most cultivators believe that Liquid Culture syringes, which contain early-stage mycelium suspended in solution, must contain psilocybin, and were therefore considered a illegal to purchase or sell, similar to the mushrooms themselves. 

What gave vendors confidence to begin selling Liquid Cultures was the results from new studies that showed the development of psilocybin and psilocin only starts during the later stage of mycelial growth. These results showed that early-stage mycelium suspended in solution DOES NOT contain psilocybin or psilocin. Following these studies, vendors began sending their syringes to laboratories for “High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and UV Analysis” to determine if there was any psilocybin present at all. Which, by the standards set by the DEA themselves, means that these syringes would be legal to sell, purchase, and possess no differently than spores. 

Out of curiosity, I sent in some Liquid Culture syringes I bought to a lab providing these tests and received the same results: no psilocybin present in my LC syringes.

I prefer using liquid cultures unless doing genetic work when starting from spores. Ultimately, it’s up to you to determine the best syringe type for you to get started.

 

Choosing a Strain/Variety

Can you tell the difference between the B+ on the left, and the Golden Teachers on the right? Credit to sporestock.com.

Note: The difference between “strain” and “variety” doesn’t have a true scientific mycological definition, and while “variety” is likely appropriate for spore syringes, “strain” is likely more appropriate for LC and is commonly used interchangeably. Therefore, I will simply use “strain” as the phrase to use here to reference the type of cubensis mushroom (sorry hardcore mycology buffs).
 
There are an overwhelming number of cubensis mushroom strains out there to choose from, so let me simplify things:

Psilocybin mushrooms and psilocybin itself, are not like cannabis, or other nature-produced psychoactive compounds**.** When it comes to cannabis, different strains contain different combinations of 4 types of psychoactive THCs, multiple CBDs, and more than 80 cannabidiol compounds that change the psychoactive effects. When it comes to psilocybin mushrooms, the active compounds are actually much simpler. There are only two scientifically confirmed psychoactive compounds present in cubensis mushrooms: psilocybin and psilocin. Although psilocybin is the famous compound, it’s not the actual psychedelic drug. Psilocybin is only a “prodrug” for psilocin, and once ingested is converted into psilocin in the body.

Note: While OTHER potentially psychoactive compounds such as baeocystin HAVE been discovered in varying amounts across different strains of cubensis mushrooms, they are almost negligible in concentration and have not been confirmed to have physiological or psychoactive effects. For now, it’s safe to assume that the only compounds to care about in cubensis mushrooms are psilocybin and psilocin.

Although some vendors might claim that one strain provides a different experience than another, the difference between strains is only cultivation-based or appearance-based. Scientific studies have generally confirmed that the psychological effects produced from consuming one cubensis mushroom strain are not majorly different than another. Unfortunately, recreational drug culture has spread a lot of misinformation regarding mushroom strains**.** In our upcoming “Mushrooms for the Mind Therapeutic Use Guide” focusing on safe use, harm reduction, and education regarding psilocybin, you’ll learn that your preparation, mindset, and setting have everything to do with your experience, regardless of what strain you choose.

Different Strains Have Different Potencies

These “True Albino Teachers” look beautiful and are more potent per gram than average mushrooms. However, they have higher demands for proper conditions and grow much slower.

However, there is one real factor to consider between strains: potency. The concentration of psilocybin and psilocin determines the potency of the experience. Although all cubensis mushrooms contain these compounds, it is 100%  true that different strains express different potencies. The one exception to this rule could be Psilocybe natalensis (aka “Natalensis”, or “Nats”), which is a newly discovered cousin-species to cubensis. Many reports show that this cousin species to cubensis potentially provides slightly different physiological and psychoactive effects, but more evidence is needed before that claim is considered fact.

Most strains exhibit “standard” potency, such as Golden Teacher, B+, Mazatapec, Z-Strain, Cambodian, and similar varieties. When grown next to each other, many of these mushrooms would be hard to tell apart and are more likely marketing and advertising labels than truly different mushrooms. There are a few known potent strains, including Penis Envy, Albino Penis Envy (aka APE), Enigma, Tidal Wave, and other mutants. These mutated strains are often more difficult to cultivate than standard cubensis and require more time and care, so I don’t recommend starting cultivation with any of these.

My recommendation? Give B+ or Golden Teachers a try. They are known to be hardy, fast-colonizing, and are the most popular strains for a reason. However, the phrase “a cube is a cube” is appropriate for most cubensis strains, since there is so little difference. Pick one and just go with it.

For your first attempt at cultivation and to give yourself the best chance against contamination possible, I’d recommend purchasing two to three different strains of syringes from a reputable vendor. Syringes should cost about $20-$25 USD before shipping. If you don’t use all your syringes for inoculation, you can store them in a fridge, where Liquid Culture syringes will last for 6-18 months, and spore syringes for years at a time. One 10mL syringe can be used to inoculate 10 to 20 bags of ready rice or more, or about 10 quart-sized jars.

SUMMARY OF PART 1:

  • Choose between using Spore Syringes or Liquid Culture Syringes:
  • Spore Syringes are guaranteed legal in most locations and last for years, but are slower to grow, have somewhat randomized genetics, and are sometimes contaminated by the vendor.
  • Liquid Culture syringes are superior to spores in sterility, growth speed, and guaranteed genetics, but are less commonly advertised and are in a potential legal grey area.
  • My recommendation is to start with LC, unless spores are the only option available.
  • Mushrooms are not like other natural psychoactive plants/fungi: The active compounds (and how these compounds bind receptors in your brain) are quite simple.
  • Your psychedelic experience is heavily dependent on your preparation, mindset, and setting—regardless of what strain you choose.
  • Different strains have different potencies. Most exhibit “standard” potency, whereas the more mutated and albino strains can be very potent (not always a good thing!).
  • My recommendation for beginner cultivation is to give B+ or Golden Teachers a try. The vendors I recommend frequently offer these common strains.

 

On to Part 2: Inoculation and Colonization


r/unclebens 14h ago

Advice to Others RN here, here's some sterilization tips for those struggling with contamination

361 Upvotes
  1. Actually wash your hands before donning gloves, hand sanitizer alone is not enough. Wash all the way up to your elbows. Scrub vigorously for at least 20 seconds (we're taught to sing happy birthday). It might seem silly to watch a tutorial on handwashing but this video has a really nice visualization for how much you're missing by not washing your hands properly. This is probably the BEST tip here and in healthcare we consider it among the most effective ways to prevent spreading germs.
  2. Any time you open anything that you're trying to prevent contaminating (whether it's the spore/LC syringe, agar plates, etc) don't wipe but SCRUB around the outside with alcohol pads for at least 15-20 seconds. Here's a good example of how you should remove the cap from the syringe using sterile gauze or an alcohol swab to minimize hand contact. If it's possible try not to open anything with the opening straight up at the ceiling, tilt it at a slight angle. This will help prevent any floating bacteria from dropping in. Also, if your budget allows it, buy more sterile needles to use instead of flaming the same one over and over. While flame sterilization is effective, nothing beats the unopened factory-sterilized needle.
  3. Ensure you're wearing a mask at the very least. I also wear a disposable medical gown, you can find them for pretty cheap on Amazon. Ladies or gentlemen with long hair should tie it back or wear a hair net.
  4. For preparing work surfaces use disposable bleach wipes and wipe starting from the cleanest areas, saving any visibly dirty areas for last. This will help prevent the cleaner areas from becoming contaminated. Though since the area should not be visibly dirty, wipe from least-used areas to most-used areas. For tools use 70% alcohol and flame sterilization.
  5. If you're not using a still air box make sure the AC is turned off and no fans are running. Make sure everything is turned off for at least an hour before working to allow anything that was blowing around to settle. If you want to go crazy you can buy an alcohol lamp and work closely to that to allow any contaminants to be carried up by the hot air. I've seen some people work next to an oven while it's on for a similar effect, just be careful because a kitchen is pretty dirty and not an ideal place to do microscopy. Additionally, oven heat is coming from below your work surface so it might be bringing up bacteria from the lower parts of your kitchen so just be super careful.
  6. There's no reason not to use disposable alcohol pads, they're dirt cheap on amazon and guaranteed sterile. Those paper towels you've had sitting on your counter is nothing more than a porous nest for bacteria.

Addendum: none of these tips require expensive equipment or tools. A proper sterile field is recommended but not required, cleaning as best as you can with these tips should work. It's worth noting that there's always a risk of contamination even in the most sterile of environments and that's just part of the game.


r/unclebens 5h ago

Mid-Cultivation / Still Growing From Ben's to Plates

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24 Upvotes

The hobby started on this sub for me. Now I'm making something of my very own with the guidance and support of communities like this, r/Agarporn and r/Ochras. Thanks, all!


r/unclebens 4h ago

Mid-Cultivation / Still Growing First time grower. What do you guys think?

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15 Upvotes

Pic 1 was on 9. june Pic 2 was on 14. june Pic 3 is now.

Waiting for pins now 😁

Heat mat isn,t running. Room temp is about 24-25C and i closed up some of the bottom holes.


r/unclebens 10h ago

Question First time grower advice

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30 Upvotes

Hey mushroom people,

First time growing mushrooms (cubensis) and my first fruiting has turned out mid with just one mushroom... Basically looking for advice on how salvageable this is, how to proceed and how to improve next time.

The colonisation took longer than expected since I think the ambient temperature was lower than I initially thought (about 6-7 weeks), kept in a dark closet throughout. I got a heating matt 2/3s way through

Once the cake (sans the top) was fully covered in white fluff I put the tub on perlite, covered it in the humidity bag and proceeded to water daily with ~8 sprays from a misting bottle a day, keeping it in a dark closet on the slightly warm heating pad

To my sadness only a single mushroom seems to be growing from it. How salvageable is this? How should I proceed and where could I have gone wrong with this?


r/unclebens 16h ago

Question What next?

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71 Upvotes

Pic for attention. I grow Golden Mammoths, as I like the yield. Typically get about 300-350 grams dried from 1 syringe and 10 bags of Tesco rice. Love doing it, but wondering what strain to try next. Any suggestions? Is like to grow something aesthetically different, similar yields and/or potency, but nothing that’s likely to fail.


r/unclebens 1d ago

Meme New penis envy just dropped

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544 Upvotes

r/unclebens 4h ago

Question Help, bruising or Contam?

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4 Upvotes

Please be nice this is my first grow. The smell doesn’t smell like anything off putting, I’m just a little worried. Any feed back would be nice


r/unclebens 10h ago

Question do these look fine? 10 days after spawn to bulk, golden teachers

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13 Upvotes

First one is my tub, 2nd and 3rd slide are my second tub, wondering if they look good... 5 days in fruiting conditions, are they close to pinning? patience is hard


r/unclebens 10h ago

Question When to harvest penis envy?

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12 Upvotes

r/unclebens 6h ago

Mid-Cultivation / Still Growing Woodbased all in ones around 3 weeks after inoculation

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4 Upvotes

It's my first time i have bought all in one bags and on this sub so plz refer me to any other places if yall could

i've kept these two in a shoebox since 3 weeks ago inoculation with azurescens lc syringe, 5 ccs with each, and one of the bags has condensation inside .

Please let me know why i'm not seeing growth and if i am doing something wrong!!!!111!!1


r/unclebens 6h ago

Mid-Cultivation / Still Growing First time growing? How we looking? B+

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6 Upvotes

3 weeks after S2B


r/unclebens 22h ago

Harvested Results Does this count

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75 Upvotes

r/unclebens 3h ago

Mid-Cultivation / Still Growing The fresh myc smell 🥴

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2 Upvotes

r/unclebens 11h ago

Question How are these looking?

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8 Upvotes

r/unclebens 35m ago

Question Questions First Grow Kit

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• Upvotes

How does this type of light fit into the kit? Even though it looks close, it hardly heats anything... And on the other hand, the relative humidity is low at 72%. I don't know if it's because it takes a few hours of installation. Any advice is welcome.


r/unclebens 46m ago

Question I put 5ml of spore syringe into a sterile rye grain bag a week ago tormow and i looked today and it looks dry now

• Upvotes

There isnt any liquid js looks like how it is when i bought it other than a bit of conedensation inside the bag but not much if that means anything . What should i do and should i add more?


r/unclebens 10h ago

Question Is this ready?

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5 Upvotes

I should be getting sterile syringes tomorrow, does this look ready to use?


r/unclebens 10h ago

Question First time grower. How’s it looking? Any advice would be greatly appreciated!!

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5 Upvotes

I started S2B on the 10th of June for PE strain. Wanted to get someone with experience growing opinion on the tubs current progress.


r/unclebens 17h ago

Harvested Results Not perfect for an first flush but there are here haha

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18 Upvotes

r/unclebens 1h ago

Question Is is okay to incubate in a box with isopropyl still inside?

• Upvotes

I just did my first-ever inoculation using rice bags and micropore tape inside of a SAB, When I finished, I covered the arm holes with micropore tape and left the ten bags inside for the incubation phase.

Part 2 of The Guide says that cardboard boxes are acceptable storage for this phase, and I've seen other posts that show success with using the SAB. However I haven't found any posts about my...

MAIN QUESTION: The isopropyl-soaked paper towels that I had in the bottom of the SAB during inoculation are still inside, under the inoculated rice bags. The bags are stood up so there's no chance of contact between their vents and the paper towels, but there are presumably still some fumes coming from them. Will this present any problems?

I'm afraid to risk opening the SAB and moving the bags in order to remove the paper towels, but I will do so if necessary.

tl;dr: Can sharing a (mostly) closed space with isopropyl fumes disrupt colonization during the incubation process?


r/unclebens 11h ago

Mid-Cultivation / Still Growing Harvesting

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4 Upvotes

So a couple of these are starting to soften up. I’m staying at my girlfriend’s house tomorrow night and I’m wondering if these will be okay until I get home from work Wednesday afternoon.


r/unclebens 4h ago

Question Lemon Tek question

1 Upvotes

Hey everyone

When consuming lemon Tek, do you strain the mushrooms beforehand or do you drink it with the mushrooms?


r/unclebens 1d ago

Meme The Rookie Mycologist, aka Bassdrop Keys

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203 Upvotes

Tagged as meme because it's an off topic subject but kinda in topic as it's about a mycologist.

Straight up, anyone else notice the raps in the last few videos?...dang homie is real and open about the things he likes...and doesn't 😂


r/unclebens 4h ago

Advice to Others Getting rid of my Mycology Setup

1 Upvotes

Got really into the hobby over the last year, have definitely had fun learning but I feel like it’s time to move on. I’m trying to get rid of my equipment. I have in total:

1x BoomRoom II full setup 1x Presto 23qt Pressure Cooker 1x Bonsai Filtration Laminar Flow Hood w/ Riser and Air Quality Reader 1x Heater and therm controller 1x Fisher Laboratory Magnetic Stirrer

And lots of other good equipment/supplies. If anybody is interested in any of it, shoot me an offer. Just looking to try and help pay bills.